the rather obvious fact that something as obvious as human intellect and emotion do not quite fit into any of Spencer’s categories.12 A moment’s reflection will reveal that evolutionary principles still cannot account for the actual origin of any of Spencer’s categories. The evolutionist must practically assume the eternality of time, force, action, space, and matter (or at least one of these13—and then he or she proceeds from there to hypothesize about) how things have developed out of an originally